This article aims to outline 『四末眞論』 (Si Mo Zhen Lun, On the Four Last Things, De Quattuor Novissimis ), which was written in classical Chinese by Philippe Couplet(1623-1693). Couplet was a Jesuit priest who worked in China for the catholic missionary and left behind many works in various languages, such as Latin, French, Italian, and Chinese. Among them, On the Four Last Things, was written by Couplet in the 14th year of 康熙(Kang-xi) to explain Catholic doctrine to Chinese people. The main keywords are Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell. It seems that this book targets as main readers both beginners who entered the Catholic faith and non-believers who did not have religious faith in Catholicism. Various metaphors and examples for elucidating the Catholic doctrines are generally composed in quite a clear style. The composition of the book is as follows: Preface, main text and the quotes from Volume 4, Chapter 13 of 『天主聖敎 四末論』 (Tian Zhu Sheng Jiao Si Mo Lun, On the Four Last Things in the Lord’s Holy Instruction ) written by Alfonso Vagnone (1568-1640). The main text is divided into four chapters according to the main keywords, and each chapter consists of illustrations symbolizing the doctrine, explanations of the doctrine, and quotations from several Catholic saints. The quotes at the end of the book are presumed to be an excerpt from Vagnone's work, which resonates well with the entire content of the work. Different illustrations are included in the transmitted editions, and depending on the editions, differences in the arrangement of text and some letters are found. By giving an overview of the work that has not yet drawn attention and by providing a critical edition (editio critica ) that has undergone textual criticism, I hope that interest in this book that has been relatively alienated till now in the field of Jesuit and Philippe Couplet studies will be continued.